Monday, 28 February 2011
2011 Hyundai i10
Hyundai today showed off the new i10 city car - one of the most popular small cars in the UK during last year's scrappage incentive scheme.
As well as a cosmetic pick-me-up, the new 2011 Hyundai i10 gains a pair of new engines with stop-start tech for emissions nudging just under the magic 100g/km CO2 mark.
The Hyundai i10 Blue emits 99g/km of carbon dioxide, and the Koreans claim it's the cheapest five-seat car on the market to hit sub 100g/km. Five seats? In a city car? Who are they trying to kid!
Still, it means the cleanest i10 will be road tax and Congestion Charge exempt over here in the UK.
New 2011 Hyundai i10: the tech lowdown
The facelifted i10 comes with a brace of new or revised engines: a new 1.0 three-cylinder Kappa engine replaces the 1.1 Epsilon unit, while the 1.2 is upgraded with 13% more power and 9% less CO2.
The 1.0 now averages 67.3mpg on the combined cycle.
When can I buy an i10?
The revised i10 city car range is priced from £8195. UK sales start in time for the new reg plate on 1 March 2011.
All i10s come with air-conditioning, MP3 player plug-in ability, four airbags, a six-speaker stereo, electric windows and central locking.
Sunday, 27 February 2011
2012 Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale
The new Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale will be the fastest, lightest and most powerful car in the Maserati range when it goes on sale in the first quarter of 2011. Inspired by the Trofeo GranTurismo MC and the race-winning GT4 motorsport models, the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale will have more power, less weight, razor-sharp handling and a top speed of over 300 km/h.
The Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale responds to demands for a GranTurismo which can balance on-road driving needs with race-driving desires and it incorporates the handling and aerodynamic lessons from Maserati's three racing programs. It produces more aerodynamic down force without producing more aerodynamic drag, it produces more power without using more fuel and it is more agile without sacrificing the GranTurismo S's highly praised ride quality.
With 330kW (450 horsepower), the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale generates more power (7 kW, 10hp) from the 4.7-litre V8 engine than the GranTurismo S, while its 510Nm of torque is a further 20Nm improvement. Its race-bred heritage is highlighted by a 110kg weight reduction from the GranTurismo S, down to 1770kg. It mirrors Maserati's racing advantages by retaining an optimal 48 : 52 weight distribution, ensuring balanced handling and even tyre wear.
The Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale uses advanced electronics to cut gear-shift times from the upgraded MC Race Shift electro-actuated transaxle gearbox to just 60 milliseconds. This all helps to slash the 0-100km/h sprint time, which the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale covers in just 4.6 seconds.The Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale is also the first Maserati in history to have a dedicated Race mode alongside the upgraded Auto and Sport modes in its simplified dashboard layout.
With the removal of the rear seats, the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale becomes the first two-seat Maserati since the MC12. The GranTurismo MC Stradale has also benefited from new Brembo carbon-ceramic brakes, custom-developed Pirelli tyres, a unique suspension layout and rigid, light-weight, carbon-fibre race seats.
The push for the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale came from existing Maserati customers who wanted a road-legal super sports car that looked and felt like the GT4 and Trofeo race cars. The Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale also provides the latest step in the well-trodden path between Maserati's racing programs and its production road cars and, often, back again. In the 1990s, the Ghibli Open Cup race car gave birth to the Ghibli Cup and a decade later the Trofeo GranSport gave birth to the GranSport MC Victory. At the pinnacle of recent Maserati's road-to race story, the FIA GT-winning MC12 was developed directly from the MC12 Stradale.
With a unique body design that is based around the requirements of the track, the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale has borrowed heavily from its racing car stablemates, the Maserati GranTurismo MC, both in the Trofeo and GT4 configurations. It has a new front splitter, bumper, bonnet, front guard panels, sills, exhausts and even a new rear bumper. To emphasize the harder-edged nature of the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale, Maserati even offers the car with an optional roll cage and a four-point racing harness.
Yet it was also designed to be easy to drive, so it retains all the inherent ride, handling and stability benefits of the GranTurismo S's long wheelbase. It has the speed to be a road-legal racing car, yet it has the progressive handling to be considered an extremely usable super-sports car.
In this configuration, the Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale will be on sale in February 2011 in all major markets, with the exceptions of the USA, Canada and Korea.
2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG US Version
Automotive fascination and high tech of the highest order: These are the traits embodied by the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, which made its world premiere at the 2009 International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt/Main. The super sports car boasts a purist design, the systematic incorporation of lightweight engineering and superior handling dynamics. At the same time, the SLS delivers the everyday utility and exemplary safety that typifies Mercedes, making the new Gullwing model the ideal synthesis of the strengths of Mercedes-Benz and AMG.
The new super sports car from Mercedes-Benz and AMG dazzles with its unparalleled technology package: an aluminum space-frame bodyshell with gullwing doors; an AMG 6.3-liter, front-mid V8 engine with a top power of 563 hp, 479 lb-ft of torque, and dry sump lubrication; seven-speed dual-clutch in a transaxle configuration; a sports chassis with aluminum double-wishbone suspension; and a DIN curb weight of 3,573 pounds. It's a combination that guarantees supreme handling dynamics. The car's ideal weight distribution between the front and rear axles (47 to 53 percent respectively) and its low center of gravity emphasize the outstanding sports car concept. The Gullwing model accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 3.8 seconds and has a top speed of 196 mph (electronically limited).
"With the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Mercedes-Benz is presenting a fascinating super sports car that will quicken the pulse of any car fan. The SLS AMG bolsters both the Mercedes-Benz and AMG brands equally, and will surely become one of the most alluring sports cars of all time," says Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars."In the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, our customers benefit first-hand from the expertise gleaned by Mercedes-AMG from more than 40 years of motor sports experience. The unparalleled technology package provides for extraordinary handling dynamics with moderate fuel consumption—another hallmark of AMG today," says Volker Mornhinweg, Chairman of Mercedes-AMG GmbH.
"It is more than just the exclusive gullwing doors that make the design of the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG so special. Our aim with this interpretation is to create the classic car of the future and put the most beautiful sports car of the 21st century on the road. Another of our goals is to create a new design icon that, like other Mercedes models such as the CLS and the SL, will help shape the incomparable myth of our brand. At the same time, the new SLS is a harbinger of the design philosophy of future Mercedes-Benz sports cars," says Gorden Wagener, Head of Design at Mercedes-Benz Cars.
Design: Pure, distinctive, and passionate
The distinctive design of the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG dazzles with its passionate sportiness and reinterprets the breathtaking design of the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL, one of the brightest design icons of the Mercedes-Benz brand. With its pure design, the new SLS AMG reflects the teachings of modern sports car design: The nearly 6-foot-long hood, the low greenhouse positioned far back, and the short rear with the extendable rear spoiler symbolize dynamism, as do the long wheelbase, the wide track, and the large wheels. The proportions are determined by the short overhangs and the design of the super sports car, with a low-slung, front-mid engine mounted well back and a dual-clutch transmission in a transaxle configuration. The stylistic highlight is without a doubt the gullwing doors, which impart the SLS AMG with incomparable charisma and make a unique statement in this vehicle segment.
It is not just the gullwing doors that awaken reminiscences of the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL. The characteristic wide radiator grille with the large Mercedes star and the wing-like fin are also reminiscent of the face of the legendary sports car. The three-dimensional, sculptured front with the low, v-shaped front skirt with lateral indentations gives the Gullwing model a powerful stance on the road. The car's dominance is underscored by six large air intakes and the wide-set, vertical headlamps with intriguing components: The central bixenon low-beam headlamps with metallic wing element are framed by two LED blinkers above and two LED daytime running lights below.
Influences from aircraft construction
Echoes of aircraft construction are stirred by the exposed Mercedes star, whose cone in profile resembles the air intake of a jet engine, and the long hood. The farther the viewer's eye wanders to the front, the greater the curvature of the hood. The same visual effect is produced by the design of the four "Silver Shadow" fins gracing the two air vent grilles on the end of the hood. These lines, which are typical for aircraft, also optically accelerate the air flowing past, giving the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG an extremely dynamic appearance even when standing still.
The fins on the hood are revisited on the vehicle's sides. Aficionados will recognize this as another typical styling element of the 300 SL. The "6.3" badge integrated between the fins provides a direct reference to the large displacement, naturally aspirated V8 engine. Extending from the lateral air outlet is a style-defining character line, which together with the convex inclination and the exciting surface treatment combines aesthetics with power. The compact passenger compartment is extremely attractive and distinct, and with its high waistline, low side windows and steep windshield resembles a visor. The B-pillar, which is inclined to the front and transitions to the rear window with an elegant curve, gives the impression of pure dynamics.
Muscle and shoulder dominate the side view
The pronounced shoulder of the SLS, which extends from the front to the rear like a taut muscle, is striking when the car is viewed from the side. The wheel arches that extend powerfully from the sidewall are filled by striking 19-inch (front) and 20-inch (rear) light alloy wheels. Three different styles of wheels all provide a view of the large, AMG high-performance composite brakes. When viewed from above, an unbroken line extends along the muscle from the headlamps to the rear. This stylistic device is also found on the hood, where the eye follows a striking contour extending over the roof between the gullwing doors to the third brake light.
Rear view with wide appeal
The rear view of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG suggests dynamics and power. The gently sloping trunk lid, the pronounced shoulder and the flat tail lights all give the car a wide appearance. Sporting LED technology, the horizontally split lights provide interesting insights. LED lighting elements in the shape of a wing impart a fascinating and distinctive night design. The LED fog lamp/backup light is mounted low and in the middle, Formula 1 style. The black diffuser insert and the two chrome tailpipe baffles of the sports exhaust system are also inspired by motor sports. The sharp indentations of the rear skirt allow a clear view of the wide rear tires and give the Gullwing model a self-assured road stance. The spoiler integrated into the trunk lid extends automatically at a speed of 75 mph and provides outstanding stability at high speeds.
New colors: "AMG Alubeam silver" and two matte paints
The color pallet for the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG comprises a total of nine exclusive shades. The highlight has to be the unique "AMG Alubeam silver" paintwork. The new process used nowhere else in the world lets the paint shine like liquid metal. The paint covers the body like a metallic skin, emphasizing the Gullwing model's fascinating design lines more strongly than any other paintwork and makes them livelier by means of targeted light reflections. This effect would not be possible without tiny pigments measuring 30 to 50 nanometres.
The matte paints "designo magno Alanite Grey" and "AMG magno Sylvanite Grey" are just as attractive. Their silk matte surface emphasizes the sporty character of the two-seater by sharply defining the contours of the edges.
Interior with aircraft design elements and racing functionality
Drivers who raise the gullwing doors of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG and sit down in the sports seats will experience a very special interior. In its conception, the Mercedes-Benz designers took their cue from aircraft construction to create an ambience that immediately evokes associations with plane cockpits. The defining stylistic element is the dashboard, whose powerfully extended wing-like profile creates the impression of great width. The dashboard incorporates "silver shadow" electroplated air vents with an adjustable set of nozzles, whose shape vividly calls to mind jet engines. The instrument cluster with its shift-up LED display and two white illuminated circular instruments also appears very sporty in the metallic silver shadow look. The silver dials have red pointers and a 225 mph scale. The main feature between the dashboard's two center air vents is the COMAND multi-media system with its 7-inch screen.
The elongated center console made of real matte metal also plays upon the plane cockpit theme. Among other things, the center console incorporates the AMG DRIVE UNIT, which is aligned towards the driver's seat and enables SLS owners to customize their vehicle set-up. The AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT 7-speed sports transmission is operated by means of the E-SELECT lever, which is styled like a jet's thrust regulator. All of the control elements are constructed of real metal, boasting a shiny silver shadow surface.
The cockpit impression is rounded off by the concave interior trim of the gullwing doors, the high waistline clearance and the muscular side skirts, all of which also convey the feeling of sports car ergonomics. The high craftsmanship of the SLS interior is demonstrated by the use of refined materials such as nappa leather, real metal, and, as an option, real carbon appliqués. All of these features also express a great attention to detail. To help customize the interior, the leather is available in five designo colors: black, classic red, sand, porcelain and light brown.
Wide-opening gullwing doors for easy entry
Despite the low seating position typical of sports cars, which means the seats are located only 14.5-inches above the road surface, the wide opening gullwing doors ensure easy entry and exit. The designers made sure that the doors had as large an opening angle as possible, which is why they swing up by 70 degrees. Another consideration that is just as important is that the distance between the opened doors and the road surface is an ample 5 feet, while the size of the passage between the opened doors and the upper edge of the side skirts is a generous 42 inches. By contrast, the entry height (the distance between the road surface and the upper edge of the side skirts) is a low 17.7 inches. Another important criterion for ensuring an elegant entry and exit is that the opening and closing of the doors requires little effort even when it's very cold, because of two gas-dampers next to the door hinges.
The gullwing doors require less room to open than do conventional coupe doors and can be completely opened in standard-sized garages. The gullwing doors can be opened from the interior by means of a silver shadow opening handle. Thanks to the linkage system in the door's armrest, the door is easy to handle when closing. The buttons for the power windows, the central locking system and the exterior mirror adjustment are also easily accessible in the interior trim. The interior has a spacious feeling, due primarily to the large shoulder room of 58.4 inches and the wide elbow width of 63.2 inches. In conjunction with the generous headroom of 38.9 inches and the driver's effective legroom of 41.6 inches, the deep seating position is also relaxing. The passengers benefit from a relatively steep windscreen that provides a good view.
Sports seats with magnesium backrests
The backrests of the sports seats are made of magnesium, a high-tech material that is strong as well as light. This results in substantial benefits with regard to the vehicle's weight balance and the lowering of its center of gravity. The sports seats have two-zone seat cushions. Large side bolsters filled with harder foam ensure optimum lateral support, while the inner zones of the seats and backrests have purposefully been made softer for premium long-distance driving comfort.
Four-way lumbar supports provide effective support for the spine, while adjustable side bolsters in the backrests substantially improve lateral support when driving around bends at high speeds. Other standard features include a three-stage seat heating system as well as seat occupancy and child safety seat detection for the front seat passenger.
The sports seats with integrated headrests and sporty transverse piping are covered with designo leather. Two-tone seats are also available in the colors classic red, sand and porcelain. Cars with the interior color light brown use natural leather with especially high-quality braided leather for the center fields of the seats. Depending on the color combination selected, the sporty feeling is further enhanced through the use of fluorescent or black piping.
The three-spoke performance leather steering wheel with a 365-millimeter rim, gearshift paddles and a real metal bar emphasize the vehicle's authentic hand-crafted character and provide the best possible assistance in maintaining control of the car.
Multiple storage spaces for ensuring the car's suitability for everyday use that is a hallmark of Mercedes
Other impressive features of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG interior are conveniently designed storage areas for ensuring the car's suitability for everyday use that is a hallmark of Mercedes. The dashboard on the front passenger's side contains a 225 cu-inch glove compartment and a space for glasses. To the right of the E-SELECT lever, passengers will find a small storage area with a 12-volt socket or an ashtray with a lighter. The armrest behind the center console not only serves for operating the COMAND controller; it can also be shifted in two stages at the push of a button to provide access to a storage bin located underneath. Here, users will find two cup holders and the recess for the telephone (optional equipment). Additional storage space is provided by the storage system between the seats at the back and the mesh side pocket in the front passenger footwell. Two clothing hooks are fixed to the backrests. Their counterparts in the roof lining can be folded out and have silicone damping.
The button for unlocking the rear hatch can be found underneath the light switch. In addition, the hatch can also be opened by using the car keys. The luggage compartment has a volume of 6.2 cu. ft.
Aluminum space frame for light weight and highest strength
The SLS is also taking a new approach in its body concept. For the first time ever, Mercedes-Benz and AMG are presenting an automobile, whose chassis and body are made of aluminum. This leads to significant weight savings compared to the traditional steel construction, as shown by the car's DIN curb weight of only 3,573 pounds.
The vehicle's all-new body consists of an aluminum space frame, which combines intelligent, lightweight design with the highest strength and thus further boosts the SLS' excellent handling properties. Light aluminum profiles combine the force nodes to create a stable structure. The large, low-lying cross-sections of these aluminum profiles exhibit high resistance torques, thereby ensuring the desired direct transfer of drive, braking and chassis forces. Undesired flexibility is reduced by the structure; the vehicle responds rigidly, directly and as if it was almost free of torsion.
The intelligent aluminum space frame, which has been optimized in terms of weight, is 45 percent aluminum profiles, 31 percent aluminum paneling, 20 percent cast aluminum and four percent steel. Ultra high-tensile, hot-rolled steel is used in the A-pillars to further improve occupant protection. The bodyshell weight is 531 pounds — and given that the maximum power is 563 hp, represents a top value in the super sports car segment.
Lower center of gravity and transverse reinforcing struts for perfect dynamics
The overall vehicle concept has been designed with the lowest possible center of gravity. That means a low connection between the drivetrain and the axles, as well as the lowest possible arrangement of the bodyshell components that contribute to rigidity. Examples include the connections between the front and rear sections and the occupant safety cell, which are resistant to bending and torque. These connections have been consistently designed to run along the lowest possible force paths. The result is not only a low center of gravity but also a harmonious, and thus efficient, transfer of force within the vehicle's structure.
Another hallmark of the lightweight construction is the transverse reinforcing struts that are integrated into the bodyshell structure at the front and rear axles. The profiles connect the side members exactly at the points where the strongest forces act on the bodyshell when the vehicle is taking a fast bend. The advantages of this painstaking solution are a matchless degree of transverse rigidity and the avoidance of heavy secondary stiffeners or consoles.
Passive safety at the highest level
The aluminum space frame forms the basis for outstanding passive safety. The comprehensive range of safety equipment includes three-point seatbelts, seat-belt tensioners, belt force limiters, and up to eight airbags: adaptive front airbags, a kneebag each for the driver and front passenger, two sidebags integrated into the seats and two windowbags that trigger out of the door waistline.
Advanced AMG 6.3-liter V8 engine with an output of 563 hp
The heart of the new SLS is a high-powered eight-cylinder engine manufactured by Mercedes-AMG. The advanced 6.3-liter V-8 engine, which has an output of 563 hp at 6,800 rpm, makes the Gullwing vehicle one of the most powerful sports cars in its segment. In conjunction with the low vehicle weight, this results in a weight-power ratio of 6.3 lb/hp. The naturally aspirated engine provides its maximum torque of 479 lb-ft at 4,750 rpm. The Gullwing vehicle accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 3.8 seconds and has an electronically limited top speed of 196 mph (all figures are preliminary). The high-torque V8 engine, which is called the M159 within the company, has a displacement of 6,208 cm³. It has been completely restructured compared to the basic M156 engine, and it displays the typical characteristics of high-performance racing engines.
The most important measures taken to boost its performance were the development of a completely new intake manifold system, the restructuring of the valve gear and the camshaft, the use of streamlined steel-pipe fan-type exhaust pipes and a dethrottling of the exhaust system. As a result, the designers have achieved significantly improved cylinder charging that boosts performance by almost nine percent. The eight-cylinder engine reacts nimbly to movements of the accelerator pedal and responds extremely well. Thanks to the change to dry sump lubrication, it has been possible to achieve a much lower installation position for the engine. The consequent lowering of the vehicle's center of gravity enables high transverse acceleration, which results in handling dynamics that drivers love.
The perfect synthesis of lightweight construction and stability
The use of high-strength components compensates for the increased burden on the engine resulting from its higher output. Forged pistons, a strengthened crankshaft mounting, an optimized crankcase structure, and improved lubrication by means of a need-regulated high-powered oil pump ensure maximum stability. In spite of the increased demands placed on it, the engine weight of the M159 has been further reduced. The forged pistons, as oscillating masses, make a particularly valuable contribution to this reduction. This results in a dry weight of 452 pounds, and thus a weight-power ratio of 0.8 lbs/hp — a value that is unmatched by any competitors. Sophisticated catalytic converter technology makes it possible to comply with current and future emissions limits such as EU5, LEV2 and ULEV.
Reaching ambitious fuel consumption targets
In spite of its uncompromisingly sporty character, the vehicle has reached ambitious fuel consumption targets. The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG consumes 13.2 liters of fuel per 100 km (combined; preliminary figure), which makes it the front runner in its competitive field. It boasts efficiency-boosting measures such as the AMG-exclusive, friction-optimized LDS cylinder-bore lining, an oil supply that is regulated according to the characteristic map, and smart generator management. During every coasting phase of the vehicle and every braking action, kinetic energy is used to charge the battery rather than being uselessly transformed into heat, as normally happens. Conversely, the generator is switched on without a load during acceleration and thus eases the burden on the engine.
Dual-clutch transmission in the transaxle configuration with the Torque Tube
The AMG 6.3-liter V-8 engine transmits its tremendous power to the rear axle via an especially lightweight drive shaft made of carbon — similar to the DTM C‑Class touring car. The dual-clutch transmission is located on the rear axle (in line with the transaxle principle) and is tightly connected with the engine housing by means of a Torque Tube. In the Torque Tube, a carbon camshaft rotates with the same speed as the engine. The advantages of this sophisticated solution include the rigid connection between the engine and the transmission, which results in an optimal response to forces and torques.
The new AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT seven-speed sports transmission is responsible for the power transmission. This dual-clutch transmission is characterized by quick shifting without any interruption of traction — minimum speeds of 100 milliseconds are possible. The driver has a choice of four different driving programs: C (Controlled Efficiency), S (Sport), S+ (Sport plus) and M (Manual), as well as a RACE START function. During the Sport, Sport plus and Manual driving programs, the automatic rev-matching function is active; all of these modes can be comfortably managed via the torque regulator in the AMG DRIVE UNIT. Optimal traction is guaranteed by the mechanical differential lock, which is integrated into the compact transmission housing.
Sophisticated chassis layout with double wishbone suspension
The solution that was chosen, a front-mid engine plus transaxle configuration, ensures an ideal weight distribution of 47 percent in the front and 53 percent in the rear. Mounting the engine behind the front axle provided optimal conditions for perfect handling dynamics with precise steering behavior, top class agility, low inertia during sudden changes of direction and outstanding traction. The aim of Mercedes-Benz and AMG — to build a desirable super sports car and combine flawless race circuit performance with the long distance comfort typical of Mercedes — led to a sophisticated chassis layout. All four wheels are guided on dual A-arms with track rod, a technique that has proven itself in motor racing up to the Formula 1 level. In a double wishbone suspension, the wheel location and suspension function are separated from each other, and the spring struts/damper struts are supported on the lower transverse link. With its high shatter strength and directional stability, the double wishbone concept decisively controls the wheel, with minimal springy movements, and gives the driver optimal contact with the road surface even in extreme situations.
The A-arms, steering knuckles and hub carriers at the front and rear axles are made entirely of forged aluminum — which helps to substantially reduce the unsprung masses; and this in turn improves the responsiveness of the suspension. At 105 inches, the long wheelbase results in not only a stable straight-line stability, but also a low dynamic wheel load shift, which significantly reduces the vehicle's tendency to roll during acceleration and deceleration. The wide tread — 66.2 inches in the front, and 65 inches in the rear — ensures a lower dynamic wheel load transfer from the inside wheel to the outside wheel on bends, which gives the tires more grip. When driving around bends, the big castor angle of 11.5 degrees results in a large increase in the negative camber, in addition to improving the tires' grip — and lending high stability when braking suddenly in bends.
Direct steering, differential lock and three-stage ESP®
With a constant mechanical gear ratio of 13.6 : 1, the rack-and-pinion steering gear delivers a consistently direct steering feel, thereby meeting drivers' high expectations of a super sports car. The parameter power steering works with speed-dependent support and improves feedback for the driver as driving speed increases, a crucial factor when driving straight ahead at high speed. The mounting of the steering gear in front of the engine, on the frametype integral support, allows a particularly low engine position. The Gullwing car features a 3-stage ESP®, giving the driver a choice of the three modes "ESP ON", "ESP SPORT" and "ESP OFF" at the push of a button. Even in "ESP OFF" mode, simply applying the brake pedal makes all ESP® functions accessible again.
The traction logic of the acceleration skid control ASR is active in all three ESP® modes. If a drive wheel begins to lose traction, a targeted activation of the brakes supplies a considerable improvement in traction — especially in combination with the mechanical multiple-disc limited-sl ip differential lock, which is standard equipment. During particularly dynamic driving, this allows more effective transfer of the engine output to the road.
AMG high-performance, ceramic-composite brakes, new "flow forming" wheels
The AMG high-performance compound brakes on the front axle ensure the vehicle quickly comes to a stop even under an enormous load. Even better braking performance is provided by the newly developed, optional ceramic-composite brake system with larger brake discs. Thanks to their increased hardness, the ceramic brake discs offer greater safety at high temperatures and are also impressive by virtue of their weight, which has been reduced by about 40 percent. Through the reduction of the unsprung masses, they further optimize the Gullwing model's handling — which becomes especially apparent during motorway driving around bends at high speed.
Lightweight engineering also played a key role with regard to the wheels: Weight-optimized AMG light alloy wheels in accordance with the new "flow forming" principle, 9.5 x 19 inches in the front, and 11.0 x 20 inches in the rear, reduce the unsprung masses and boost handling dynamics and suspension comfort. In addition to the standard AMG light alloy wheels with a seven-spoke design, customers can choose as options wheels with five double-spokes or forged wheels in a ten-spoke design. Tires developed exclusively for the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG — 265/35 R 19 at the front, and 295/30 R 20 at the rear, ensure top performance. The standard equipment includes a tire pressure monitoring system that continuously checks the pressure of all four wheels and displays the individual values for each tire.
2010 Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break Concept
The Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car represents a clear indication of the further emotional appeal of the Mercedes design idiom. In October 2004 Mercedes-Benz established a new market segment with the four-door Coupé CLS. In September 2008, the brand revealed a fresh and exciting interpretation of the emotionally-appealing Coupé-based design in the form of the FASCINATION concept car. Now making its premiere at Auto China 2010 is the Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car - a further insight by Mercedes designers into the possible future development of the Coupé concept.
Wide and flat, with a long bonnet and a roof which continues through to the rear: the Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car features some astonishing proportions which at the same time are clearly reminiscent of another design icon - the CLS. The design of the front is completely new, but makes use of elements which are mindful of the SLS AMG super sports car: the radiator grille, with the large star and eye-catching, bionic slats, is not integrated into the bonnet but has been designed separately in the form of a "soft nose". The grille is flanked on each side by full LED headlamps, which for the first time feature LED technology for all of the usual dynamic light functions. The side profile is given a touch of dynamism thanks to the high, exaggerated beltline sweeping towards the rear, and the dramatic character line which is supported by the powerful-looking rear wheel arches. The coupé-like side view is also emphasised with a low window design which also highlights the greenhouse with polished aluminium trim.The interior is dominated by natural wood and leather materials. One eye-catching feature is the large full-length centre console. It highlights the four- seat layout as well as the high levels of comfort afforded by the Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car. The wooden floor of the luggage compartment reflects the true interpretation of this area of the vehicle, where the dark-stained silky oak contrasts against inlaid aluminium protective loading strips.
The Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car is driven by the forerunner to the forthcoming new V-engine generation from Mercedes-Benz. The V6 benefits from a 60° cylinder angle and a displacement of 3.5 litres, and is characterised by direct injection featuring a control system which enables lean-burn operation. The six-cylinder engine produces 225 kW (306 hp) with a maximum torque of 370 Nm and in line with the BlueEFFICIENCY criteria of Mercedes-Benz also sets new standards among the competition in terms of fuel consumption.
The exterior: stylish and sporty
The proportions are clearly those of a coupé: the long bonnet, narrow-look windows with frameless side windows, and dynamic roof sloping back towards the rear create a basic stance with which it looks ready for the off. It is only when taking a second look that it becomes clear that the Mercedes Shooting Break concept car actually has four doors and an estate rear. As such, this study in design reveals its philosophical links with the four-door CLS Coupé, a car which has established a new market segment since 2004 and today is already seen as a design icon which is likely to occupy a very special place in the history of the motor car. The Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car may well be looked back on at some point as having played a similar role, taking ideas from the FASCINATION concept car premiered in 2008 and projecting them into the future.
"The Mercedes Shooting Break concept car is based on the great tradition of a stylish, cultivated sportiness which has always characterised the great Mercedes Coupés, and it takes this unique legacy an exciting step further," explains Professor Gorden Wagener, chief designer at Mercedes-Benz. "At the same time it points the way towards the future design idiom of Mercedes-Benz."
The vocabulary of the design idiom includes the contrasting play between lines and exaggerated areas, which combine to create an animated area of interaction. The expressive design of the front immediately catches the eye, using elements which are mindful of the SLS AMG super sports car, and with a radiator grille which for the first time has been designed as a "soft nose" and is not integrated into the bonnet. This contributes to better pedestrian protection and at the same time also helps to improve the focus on the long, sporty bonnet. The grille is dominated by the large central star, highlighting its relationship to the other Coupés of the Mercedes brand. It is supported by bionic, curved grille slats. Their curved design is reflected in the expressive look of the front apron and air intakes.
Particularly eye-catching are the full LED headlamps, which for the first time offer all of the regular dynamic light functions using LED technology. Inside they are divided into three arrow-shaped layers from top to bottom: the upper layer contains an LED indicator, beneath which is a striking LED side light offering LED low beam functions. The side light can also be seen when the dipped beam function is switched on, thereby creating a novel and separate night-time design and distinctive look. The lowest level of the headlamp houses the main beam and nightview functions. A total of 71 LEDs not only provide an unmistakable appearance, but also a significantly enhanced view of the road compared with previous systems.
The side profile of the Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car is dominated by the low, frameless side windows, the coupé-like shape of which is further highlighted with the incorporation of a polished aluminium frame along the body. Thanks to the positioning of the outside mirrors on the beltline, the side line is emphasised and all-round visibility has been improved in the region of the A-pillars. The side windows are supported on a high beltline, which slopes towards the rear in a fresh interpretation of the classic "dropping line" of iconic Mercedes Coupés. An additional exciting touch has been made with the prominent, muscular hip points which forcefully support the side line. This interaction gives the impression of a sprinter, poised in the starting blocks, ready to release an explosive forward surge of energy. The roof follows through to the rear and also drops away in typical coupé fashion. Another special feature is the recessed, filigree door handles, which emerge on being touched with the aid of sensors to allow access to the interior.
The side view is rounded off with wide wrap-around tail lights featuring LED technology. As such they form a linking element to the low, steeply-angled estate car rear end with top-hinged tailgate. The shape is emphasised by the broad shoulder line, which is clearly visible from behind and supports the lowered-look greenhouse. The twin pipe exhaust system, with two polished exhaust covers, is integrated into the rear bumper, which features an elegantly curved wing.
Also contributing to the special appearance of the Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept car is the exceptional paint finish. A satin-finish clear coat has been used, which gives the vehicle's allanite grey magno colour a mysterious glint and also further brings out the Coupé's exquisite lines.
The sporty look of the Shooting Break concept car is complemented with large 20-inch sterling silver wheels, featuring a special bionically arranged five-spoke filigree design. They allow a glimpse of the large brake discs behind. The front wheels are fitted with 255/30 ZR 20 tyres, while the rear of this exceptional vehicle sits on 285/25 ZR 20 tyres.
The interior: design makes quality noticeable; high-quality materials, hand-crafted perfection
A large panoramic glass sunroof provides a glimpse into the high-quality, perfectly hand-crafted interior of the Shooting Break concept car, where natural materials such as wood and leather dominate. Wood is used on the trim elements and door pulls, the instrument panel and centre console, and primarily on the luggage compartment floor in the rear. When it came to choosing the wood, the interior designers opted for silky oak on account of its unusual, lens-shaped texture. The wooden floor in the luggage compartment has inlaid aluminium protective loading strips, and is reminiscent of finishes normally seen in yacht building.
Four saddle bags along the sides of the luggage compartment are useful for storing small tools. They are finished in leather, a material which has been used extensively throughout the Shooting Break concept car: in fact, almost ten square metres of leather have been incorporated into the interior. Light sections of porcelain-coloured nappa leather form an attractive contrast to the dark-brown natural-coloured aniline leather and perforated metallic-silver finish seat cushions and door centre panels. Extensive double-lapped stitching and discerning colour-coordinated upholstery seat piping reflect the hand-crafted perfection and attention to detail, as does the tuck stitching on the instrument panel, door sill covers and seat backrests, all of which highlights the contours of the components extremely well.
Perfection and attention to detail also apply to the trim elements. While on the exterior they are polished to a high-sheen finish, in the interior they feature a matt finish. A total of seven manual processes are necessary - from grinding to polishing - to transform the components, which are milled completely from aluminium, into their final decorative form. The matt finish of the interior trim has also served as inspiration for the metallic-silver leather on the seats, door centre panels and bags in the luggage compartment. The deep-pile carpet in the footwell - finished in porcelain colour - is a luxurious material used by Maybach-Manufaktur. The light-coloured roof liner made of silk cloth adds the finishing touch to the impression of comfortable elegance in the interior.
The Shooting Break concept car is clearly a four-seater. The four identically shaped leather seats have a touch of the sports car about them thanks to their integrated head restraints. Openings in the upper area of the backrests make it possible to see through the seats. A large full-length wood console on the transmission tunnel provides a visual divide between driver and front passenger and at the same time indulges the occupants with two large leather-covered armrests. It also houses two cup holders as well as controls for the rear-compartment air conditioning. The centre console is finished off at the rear with inlaid work: curved Mercedes lettering which harks back to the style of the 1920s. The striking cursive-script lettering is also repeated on the front door sills.
Since the central screen has been integrated into the upper part of the instrument panel, the cockpit has a "wrap-around" effect. The elegant verve and bionic details of the exterior are captured, among other things, in the dynamic wave-design air vents in the instrument panel. An analogue clock sits in the centre. The instrument cluster comprises three tubes for dial-type gauges as well as a colour display for service indications.
The headlamps: exciting LED technology offering full functionality
The Shooting Break concept car has dynamic full LED headlamps, which combine the exciting daylight colour impression of LED technology with the performance, functionality and energy efficiency of today's bi-xenon light generation. The new light system, due to make its debut in series production this year, features the Intelligent Light System which has already been tried and tested in Mercedes models with bi-xenon headlamps. Its five light functions - country lights, motorway lights, enhanced fog lights, active curve lights and cornering lights -have been specifically designed for typical driving or weather conditions.
The light specialists at Mercedes-Benz have also been able to combine LED technology with the innovative Adaptive Highbeam Assist for the first time, leading to a completely new level of safety at night.
The engine: enhanced performance, enhanced efficiency
The Shooting Break concept car is driven by the forerunner to the forthcoming new V-engine generation from Mercedes-Benz. The special features of the spray-guided direct injection engine include the latest generation of piezo-electric injection valves which enable multiple injections. Better lean operation is possible thanks to load monitoring of the pressure information. Even the operation of the ancillary components has been made efficient and there is also a start/stop function. The V6 with a 60° cylinder angle and displacement of 3.5 litres produces 225 kW (306 hp) with a maximum torque of 370 Nm.
It's all in a name: the origins of the name "Shooting Break"
Break, or the homonym Brake, was the name once given to carriages used to "break" in wild horses and also to restrict (or "brake") their urge to move, so that they could be put to use as work horses. Since the carts could easily be broken as part of this process, people tended not to use ones which they may have urgently needed for other purposes. Where necessary, "Brakes" were often fitted out with variable bodies, which were only really used to carry along anything that may have been necessary for the hunt, for example. Any such vehicle which was used when going out shooting was called a Shooting Brake or Shooting Break. In the 1960s and 1970s motorised Shooting Breaks were popular in Great Britain - exclusive cross-over vehicles, which combined the luxuriousness of a coupé with the luggage space of an estate.
2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3
Automobile fascination paired with spectacular race car design - that is the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3. The racing version of the SLS AMG has been conceived as a customer sport vehicle for participation in race series based on FIA GT3 regulations. Meticulous lightweight construction and optimized chassis, brakes and aerodynamics deliver uncompromising dynamics. The extra special Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG will make its race track debut in 2011.
The clean design and breathtaking form of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG have been effectively accentuated by targeted modifications to the bodyshell. The new components, made largely from lightweight carbon fiber offer a clear indication of extraordinary race track performance and extensive aerodynamic development work.
From the front, the GT3 race car boasts a new front skirt with enlarged air intakes. The wide opening beneath the characteristic radiator grille bearing the large Mercedes star and the wing-shaped horizontal fins supplies air to the engine oil cooler and brake discs. The same function is served by the two intakes below the vertical bi-xenon headlamps. Downforce on the front axle is provided courtesy of four externally mounted side flics, as well as a carbon front splitter; it runs directly into the smooth underbody panel, which connects to the rear diffuser.
The hood features a central opening for the extraction of heat from the engine, while side openings in the front fenders facilitate air flow through the wheel arches. Weight optimization measures include the application of extremely lightweight polycarbonate for the side and rear windows and, if desired, for the front windshield as well.The fenders have been widened front and rear to accommodate the large racing tires. With a breadth of 78.3 inches, the GT3 bodyshell is a good 2 inches wider than the series production Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. The new sills feature openings for cooling the rear brakes, with the smooth underbody visible along the underside of the sills. The B-pillar houses the standardized fuel tank adapter for the rapid refueling system. The 31.7 gallon fuel tank is located centrally behind the driver.
Wide rear carbon spoiler
The rear view of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 is dominated by its imposing width. Above the rear hatch sits a wide carbon fiber spoiler; it is extensively adjustable and facilitates perfect setup to suit individual race track characteristics. The new rear skirt accommodates two openings for extracting air from the rear wheel arches. A further visual highlight is the rear carbon fiber diffuser; it rises smoothly from the rear axle area as a continuation of the smooth underbody, its form adding to the downforce. The overall aerodynamic concept of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 was analyzed and defined through extensive wind tunnel and race track testing.
The black exhaust end pipes deliver a fascinating and, at the same time, characteristic AMG eight-cylinder sound. The regulation rain lamp is integrated into the rear hatch - it must be switched on by the driver in poor weather conditions.
Close to series production AMG 6.3 liter V8 engine
As defined in the FIA GT3 regulations, the AMG 6.3 liter V8 engine is virtually identical to that of the series production vehicle. Thanks to its low weight, the acceleration figures for the GT3 - 3.7 seconds for the sprint from 0 to 60 mph - are considerably below the already excellent figures for the series production vehicle. Depending on gear ratio, the top speed is more than 186 mph.
The AMG 6.3 liter V8 engine uses dry sump lubrication in the racing vehicle, too. The application of a suction and pressure pump, as well as an external oil tank means that the conventional oil sump can be omitted. This technology ensures reliable lubrication of the engine under high lateral acceleration, of the kind usually experienced on the race track.
Dry sump lubrication also facilitates a low mounting position for the V8 power unit - one of the key technological highlights of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. The solution - installing the eight-cylinder as low as possible and as a front mid engine behind the front axle, combined with a transaxle transmission layout - results in excellent weight distribution.
Six-speed racing transmission with sequential shift
In contrast to the series production vehicle, the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 is equipped with a six-speed racing transmission with sequential shift. Thanks to its compact construction, the race-tested transmission offers considerable packaging benefits - ultimately, the GT3 version has less ground clearance than the series production vehicle. The driver shifts gear using two shift paddles on the steering wheel. The transmission is mounted directly on the rear axle and connected to the V8 engine via a torque tube, which has a very high degree of flexural and torsional stiffness. This delivers considerable benefits when it comes to dynamics, as this sophisticated solution enables the entire driveline to be laid out with significantly less play. Alongside the traction control, a multi-plate locking differential integrated into the transmission delivers outstanding acceleration characteristics. Inside the torque tube, a drive shaft rotates at engine speed. As in the series production model, and in the Mercedes-Benz C-Class DTM touring car, the shaft is made from carbon fiber.
With its long wheelbase, low center of gravity and wide track, the SLS AMG vehicle concept was predestined for the race track - its strengths include precise turn-in characteristics, first-class agility, low inertia under sudden changes of direction and a high cornering limit.
It required only minimal modification for perfect race track performance. The lightweight aluminum chassis with double wishbone suspension at all four corners has modified kinematics to take into account the lower vehicle height. The array of adjustability options facilitates optimal modification to suit individual race track characteristics and varying weather conditions. As well as the ability to vary the spring and damper setup, there is also the freedom to adjust track and camber, vehicle height and the stabilizers on the front and rear axles.
Like the series production SLS AMG, the GT3 version is also equipped with rack and pinion steering with speed-dependent power assistance. The more direct input ratio facilitates even greater handling agility on the race track.
AMG race braking system using composite technology
Shortest stopping distances, highest stability and optimal control are guaranteed by the AMG race braking system. All four corners feature brake discs in motorsport-tested composite technology. Gray cast iron axial and radial floating discs are fixed to an aluminum hat via stainless steel composite elements. This sophisticated technology enables perfect heat dissipation and thus reliable stability. The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 is also equipped with precisely calculated cooling channels - openings in the front skirt and ahead of the rear wheels direct cool airflow over the brake discs. All four brake discs are ventilated, slotted and drilled. Six-pot fixed calipers on the front axle and four-pot fixed calipers at the rear, finished in anthracite with the AMG logo in white, provide plenty of brake pad surface. An anti-lock brake system with special race track settings is fitted as standard. Due to space restrictions, the AMG high-performance ceramic composite brake system, available as an option on the series production vehicle, is not compatible with the 18-inch wheels prescribed by FIA regulations.
The AMG center-locking alloy wheels - 12x18 inches front and 13x18 inches rear - are fitted with racing tires in formats 11.3 x 26.9 inches (front) and 12.4 x 27.9 inches (rear). Depending on the application, the tires are available as profile-free slicks, intermediates or wet weather tires. The classic multi-spoke design aids ventilation of the braking system. Fast pit stops and wheels changes are ensured by the pneumatic lift system integrated into the underbody. Four pneumatic rams raise the GT3 race car by around 7.5 inches, enabling the pit crew to change the racing tires in double quick time.
Interior with racing bucket seat and race steering wheel
On opening the gullwing doors, the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 displays a functional interior with a distinctly race car feel. The driver sits in a racing bucket seat fitted with a six-point harness and the HANS system (Head and Neck Support) that fixes the helmet in place in the event of an accident, thus minimizing the risk of injury. Additional safety comes courtesy of the steel roll cage, which also serves to further stiffen the aluminum spaceframe.
A steering wheel with a diameter of 13 inches facilitates perfect vehicle control. Because it is open at the top, the driver always has a perfect view of the central display, which provides all relevant information such as road speed, engine speed, operating temperatures, lap times and gear selection. The steering wheel is fitted with a quick-release mechanism that makes entering and exiting the vehicle considerably easier. The switches on the steering wheel hub enable the driver to activate additional functions such as the pit radio, headlamp flasher and the drink supply. Further operating elements are mounted on the center console and include the start/stop function for the AMG V8 engine, the traction control, reverse gear and - just in case - the integrated fire extinguisher. The control for adjusting brake balance is located on the torque tube tunnel.
The close relationship between the GT3 and its series production sibling is demonstrated by the instrument cluster, with its powerfully taut wing profile providing visual breadth. Integrated into the dash are the highly distinctive air vents galvanized in "Silver Shadow" and with adjustable cross-shaped nozzles - their form evocative of a jet engine.
Deliveries of customer vehicles to start early 2011
The new Mercedes SLS AMG GT3 has been developed in accordance with FIA GT3 regulations and is entitled to participate in all GT3 race series - including the popular 24-hour races in Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium, and on the Nürburgring in Germany. Interested customers can order the vehicle starting in autumn 2010, with delivery scheduled prior to the start of the 2011 racing season. Homologation will be completed in March 2011.
2011 Toyota RAV4
Since the first generation of Toyota RAV4 (Recreational Active Vehicle with 4 Wheel-Drive) was launched in Europe in 1994, over one million customers have come to appreciate its compactness, manoeuvrability and versatility, allied to the dependability of the most advanced four-wheel drive system in the segment.
Though the compact SUV share of the European market has remained steady at just below 5% of total vehicle sales, the segment has recently attracted a new group of customers for whom an SUV purchase represents a more emotional than rational proposition.
These customers still value the high driving position, interior roominess, versatility and sense of security a compact SUV provides, but have less requirement for 4WD. Rather, they place more emphasis on distinctive, sophisticated styling, premium quality interior design and fuel efficient, environmentally-friendly performance combined with an engaging driving experience. Making its European debut at this year's Geneva motor show, the new, expanded Toyota RAV4 model range fulfils each of these demands while sacrificing none of the core values of Toyota's compact SUV.
Instantly identifying it as the latest addition to the Toyota family, the Toyota RAV4 features a new, more sophisticated, chromeaccented front design, emphasising the vehicle's wide track and stable stance.
Showcasing Toyota's unique Easy Flat seating system, the Toyota RAV4 interior retains all the practical, flexible versatility its active lifestyle customers have come to expect from the compact SUV, while perceived quality is further improved by the availability of new leather/Alcantara seat upholstery.Offering an expanded range of 2WD and 4WD variants, the entire Toyota RAV4 engine line-up benefits from Toyota Optimal Drive technologies, resulting in low emissions and fuel consumption. The 4WD variant returns class-leading emissions and fuel consumption, both for Multidrive S and manual transmission versions of the 2.0 litre Valvematic petrol engine, as well as manual and automatic 2.2 D-4D 150 diesel models.
The Toyota RAV4 range offers customers greater flexibility in selecting their ideal grade and powertrain combination. The four grades -UP1, UP2, Leather/Alcantara and Premium- are now available with a wider choice of engines.
Sophisticated exterior design with refined interior quality
Successive Toyota RAV4 generations have followed the same groundbreaking, 'Modern Rugged' design cues that created the compact SUV market with the launch of Toyota's first RAV4 in 1994. The key attributes of compactness, manoeuvrability and versatility allied to the most advanced four-wheel drive system in its segment have earned the Toyota RAV4 a consistently high share of the European compact SUV market.
Sacrificing none of these core values, the Toyota RAV4 is designed to appeal to a new group of customers who further demand distinctive, sophisticated styling with refined, premium-quality interior design.
Exterior design
The latest generation of Toyota's dynamic, compact SUV features an all new, more sophisticated front design which combines stylish, urban-chic aesthetics with the image of durability expected from a vehicle with its class-leading four-wheel drive credentials.
A new wider, horizontal bar-type radiator grille design reminiscent of the Verso and Avensis instantly identifies the Toyota RAV4 as the latest addition to the Toyota family. It is framed by new headlights, incorporating projector-type low beam lamps, which are integrated into a new bonnet and front wing design which emphasis the car's wide track and dynamic posture.
A new, full-width, aerodynamically styled front bumper accentuates the compact SUV's stable stance. The addition of chrome accents to the radiator grille, bonnet moulding and fog lamp surrounds reinforce the premium quality of the new design.
In profile, the Toyota RAV4 inherits the combination of spaceefficient packaging, rising belt-line and distinctive silhouette that has hallmarked successive generations of Toyota's compact SUV. To the rear, flanked by prominent, high-visibility Light Emitting Diodes (LED) lamp clusters, the side hung back door is deeply indented into the rear bumper, providing a practical, flat and level access step to the interior loadspace. The back door features an integral roof spoiler which houses the high-mounted, LED stop light.
The Toyota RAV4 will be available in a choice of ten body colours, including three new to the model range: Pearl White, Dark Steel and Regency Red.
Interior design
The crisp precision of the Toyota RAV4's interior reinforces the premium quality of Toyota's compact SUV. The elimination of any break lines, the tight panel gaps and the matching of surface levels highlight its engineering excellence and contribute to the perceived quality of the design.
And the perceived quality of the Toyota RAV4's interior is further improved by the availability of new leather/Alcantara seat upholstery.
Thanks to Toyota's unique, Easy Flat seating system, the Toyota RAV4 retains all the practical, flexible versatility its active lifestyle customers have come to expect from the compact SUV. Using one of two one-touch levers, easily accessible from the back door, the rear seats can be folded down flush with the loadspace floor without the need to remove any seat cushions or headrests.
Toyota Optimal Drive Applied to the entire engine line-up
Sports Utility Vehicles are under increasing pressure to improve their environmental performance. Reinforcing Toyota's lead in environmentally-friendly, sustainable mobility, the entire Toyota RAV4 engine line-up benefits from Toyota Optimal Drive, a range of technologies introduced at the 2008 Paris motor show.
Toyota Optimal Drive showcases a combination of wide-ranging advanced technologies and internal improvement programmes designed to optimise the balance of performance and driving enjoyment with fuel economy and low emissions.
These diverse core technologies focus on three key aspects of powertrain development: firstly, the reduction of powertrain weight through the use of super-lightweight and highly compact engine components and transmissions; secondly, the minimisation of friction and mechanical losses; and thirdly, the maximisation of combustion efficiency.
Equipped with Toyota Optimal Drive, the Toyota RAV4 engine range offers an unmatched balance between outstanding, front- and fourwheel drive performance and class-leading CO2 emissions in both petrol and diesel variants.
2.0 litre Valvematic petrol engine
Available in 2WD with a six-speed manual gearbox, and with Toyota's 4WD Integrated Active Drive System mated to six-speed manual or Multidrive S transmissions, the 1987cc, 4-cylinder Valvematic engine develops 158 DIN hp/116 kW at 6200 rpm and 198 Nm of torque at 4400 rpm.
When equipped with 2WD and manual transmission, the unit delivers a 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 10.2 seconds and a maximum speed of 185 km/h.
Mated to 4WD and manual transmission, the engine offers 0-100 km/h acceleration in 10.5 seconds and a maximum speed of 185 km/h. Multidrive S transmission delivers 0-100 km/h acceleration in 11.0 seconds.
Both when mated through manual transmission and Multidrive S, the 4WD version returns class-leading fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
Multidrive S transmission
The 2.0 litre Valvematic engine can be equipped with the Multidrive S, Toyota's highly-advanced Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system. Delivering an infinite number of ratios through two cone-shaped pulleys and a high-strength steel belt, Multidrive S offers an incredibly smooth, seamless driving experience.
Because the CVT system maintains the most efficient engine rpm at any given vehicle speed, it combines low cruising-speed noise with high CO2 and fuel efficiency, yet can also maintain the ideal ratio to deliver peak engine power for maximum performance.
A 'Sport' button selects a more responsive, power-maximising ratio, delivering a more engaging driving experience. Multidrive S also features a sequential, manual seven-speed mode, with gear selection performed either by the gear shift lever or steering wheel-mounted paddle shifts.
2.2 litre D-4D 150 diesel engine
Mated to the six-speed manual transmission, the 2.2 D-4D 150 is available with 2WD or the 4WD Integrated Active Drive System. The 2231cc unit develops 150 DIN hp/110 kW at 3600 rpm and 340 Nm of torque at 2000-2800 rpm. With a maximum speed of 190 km/h, the engine delivers a 2WD 0-100km/h acceleration time of 10.0 seconds, and 10.2 seconds with 4WD.
When mated to the six-speed automatic transmission and 4WD, the 2.2 D-4D 150 unit further benefits from Toyota's Diesel-Clean Advanced Technology (Toyota D-CAT), which incorporates a Diesel Particulate and NOx Reduction filter (DPNR). Thus equipped, the 2.2 D-4D 150 offers performance of 0-100 km/h in 10.8 seconds and a maximum speed of 185 km/h.
When mated to 4WD, the unit returns class-leading CO2 emissions, for both the manual and the automatic transmission.
Six-speed automatic transmission
The 2.2 D-4D 150's six-speed automatic transmission provides a fast, smooth response while maintaining an impressive level of comfort by eliminating harsh shift shocks. A 'Sport' mode offers a more aggressive shift pattern using AI-SHIFT Control (Artificial Intelligence Shift Control).
The new transmission also features a newly developed, 6-speed Sports Direct Shift manual override control, with gear selection in M-mode performed either by the gear shift lever or steering wheelmounted paddle shifts. M-mode offers a more sporting driving experience, with a lock-up function used from 2nd to 6th gears for as wide a range of gear ratios as possible.
6-speed Sports Direct Shift also incorporates an automatic, throttle 'blipping' function to optimise the speed and smoothness of downchanges. As with the Multidrive S transmission, drivers can also use the paddle shifts to temporarily override the automatic mode.
2.2 litre D-4D 180 diesel engine
Also equipped with Toyota's D-CAT technology and mated to a six-speed manual transmission with the 4WD Integrated Active Drive System, the powerful 2.2 D-4D 180 unit develops 177 DIN hp/130 kW at 3600 rpm and 400Nm of torque at 2000-2800 rpm. The engine delivers a performance of 0-100 km/h in 9.3 seconds and a maximum speed of 200 km/h.
Integrated Active Drive System
The Toyota RAV4 is available with either 2WD front-wheel drive or Toyota's advanced 4WD Integrated Active Drive System (IADS). IADS is a sophisticated, high-speed interactive management system which -via sensors located throughout the vehicleintegrates the Toyota RAV4's Active Torque Control 4WD, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) and Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems to enhance the Toyota RAV4's performance, handling and safety.
The key element of IADS, the Active Torque Control 4WD system continuously monitors and controls the torque transfer between the front and rear wheels via an electromagnetically controlled coupling positioned in front of the rear differential, optimising traction and vehicle stability under all driving conditions.
Front to rear torque distribution can vary from 100:0 to 55:45, with front-wheel drive (100:0) automatically engaged under normal driving conditions to improve fuel consumption. The system incorporates a 4WD Lock button, allowing the driver to lock torque distribution in a 55:45 ratio for maximum off-road traction.
IADS coordinates the operation of the Active Torque Control 4WD system with the Toyota RAV4's VSC and EPS to not only control individual wheel speeds (as in a conventional VSC system), but also to adjust torque transfer between the front and rear wheels and add steering torque assistance to help the driver control a skid.
Saturday, 26 February 2011
2012 Chevrolet Orlando
A thousand things to do in a day. Fun, entertainment and relaxation for family and friends. That's the vacation spirit Chevrolet has packed into its first ever European MPV. Like the Chevrolet models recently launched in other market sectors, it doesn't follow convention. Chevrolet Orlando's design - part MPV, part crossover - breaks the rules of a historically conservative segment; it makes a statement and stands out from the crowd.
Chevrolet's new compact MPV brings swagger to the segment by adopting a bolder look with its low roofline and crossover inspired silhouette, while retaining the distinctive and recognizable Chevrolet 'face' depicted by the split radiator grille and bow-tie badge.
Based on the show car concept first seen in 2008, the Chevrolet Orlando is nevertheless a true family car for the times, combining 7-seater practicality, interior flexibility and generous load space.
"We're confident the Orlando not only brings great value for money to the MPV class but at the same time something fresh - a certain function with attitude, as we put it," says Wayne Brannon, president and managing director of Chevrolet Europe. "I believe it will also bring more new customers to the Chevrolet brand."
"The new Chevrolet Orlando MPV has a key strategic role to play in Chevrolet's continued product offensive in Europe as it kicks off an ambitious seven-product launch program over the next 15 months."There's no question that the Orlando will offer a refreshing alternative to many of the family vans currently on the market. The distinctly recognizable Chevrolet face is complemented by a profile characterized by the low swept roofline and the muscular, protruding wheel-arches, housing 16, 17 or 18 inch wheels. The wheel arches enhance a 'body in, wheel out' appearance while at the same time ensuring Chevrolet Orlando keeps its agile, sporting stance.
Orlando's space, storage and safety
While the exterior of the new Chevrolet Orlando is sure to attract plenty of attention, the interior too features many of the latest design cues from Chevrolet such as the Corvette-inspired dual cockpit and ambient blue backlighting to the centre console. Distinctive design is nothing without well-thought-out functionality however, so the 'theater-style' seating arrangement of the Orlando's three rows of seats, the generous load area and the numerous storage solutions will also grab the attention of family motorists.
The interior seating is referred to as 'theater-style' because in spite of the sweeping roof-line, designers have succeeded in raising the second and third rows which allow the Chevrolet Orlando's occupants to get an even better view both forwards and to the side and without compromising head-room. In fact headroom in the third row of seats in the Orlando is superior to a number of competitor MPVs.
Numerous seating configurations are possible with either second or third rows folded independently or together to make a completely flat load area. The second seat row also has a tumble-fold facility for both the left and right-hand outer seats to allow easy access for passengers into and out of the third row.
And when the time comes to shifting large loads of cargo, Chevrolet Orlando's load area is one of the most voluminous in the monocab class with 1,499 liters available when both rows of seats are folded (856 liters below window line).
Any hard-working family car needs plenty of storage space for all the bits and pieces that collect inside. Like the original concept car, the final production version of the Orlando obliges with a range of compartments of different shapes and sizes and different locations, including a coin holder and two large cup holders in the center console, map and bottle holders integrated into the front and rear doors and a number of individual compartments in the cargo area.
However, perhaps the most ingenious is a storage area hidden behind the front fascia of the audio and within easy reach of the both the driver and passenger. Seen originally on the Orlando concept car, designers have been able to integrate a usefully large area which is revealed by flipping up the face of the audio, and large enough for such items as an MP3 player, sunglasses and wallets. Within the space itself there is also a standard auxiliary jack and optional USB port for MP3 or iPod connectivity, depending on the trim level.
Safety for the vehicle's occupants is always a paramount consideration for this class of car, and in Chevrolet Orlando owners will be reassured by both the attention to detail and the inclusion of the latest technology that has gone into this aspect of the car's design. Most of Orlando's body structure is constructed of high strength steel to form an effective passenger safety cage providing protection in the event of a collision to the front, rear and side of the car. Should a collision occur, Orlando's occupants will be protected by six airbags - twin front, side and curtain.
One of the biggest challenges often faced by emergency services when assisting at the scene of an incident is helping the occupants of vehicles when the doors are locked. However, this is not a scenario that Chevrolet Orlando owners will be faced with; Orlando is fitted with crash sensor technology, where the doors unlock automatically on detection of an impact.
Three engines, three trim levels to fit every family's needs
Under the hood there is a choice of three of Chevrolet's fuel efficient engines, one gasoline and two diesels. All engines are transversely mounted 4-cylinder units with double overhead camshafts, 16 valves and either multi-point fuel injection, or in the case of the diesels, common rail technology. All the engines have a cast-iron cylinder block and alloy head.
The one gasoline engine available at launch is a 1.8 liter which produces 141 hp at 6200rpm and 176Nm of torque at 3800rpm. Maximum speed for this version is 185kph. Emissions and fuel economy from the 1.8 gasoline are competitive with emissions at 172g/km and consumption at 7.3 liters/100km.
The two diesel engines are of the same displacement but tuned to give different power outputs and drive characteristics. The heart of both engines is a 2.0-liter with 4 valves per cylinder and common rail injection fuel system. However, the more powerful of the two produces 163 hp at 3800rpm and offers 360Nm of torque at 2000rpm. The second output version has 130 hp and 315Nm at the same engine speeds.
Maximum speed of the Chevrolet Orlando for the diesel engine with 130 hp is 180kph and with 163 hp is 195kph. Emissions and fuel economy are at 159g/km and 6 liters/100km, respectively, for both.
Customers will also be able to choose from three different trim levels when Orlando goes on sale. Chevrolet Orlando's launch marks a shift for Chevrolet Europe as it adopts the same trim names being implemented globally; expect LS, LT and LTZ trims to become the norm in future Chevrolets. And in another first for Chevrolet Europe, only cars sold in right hand drive markets will carry the trim badge on the exterior.
Whatever model customers opt for they are guaranteed a high level of equipment with standard items even on the entry level LS including electronic stability control, six airbags, and power mirrors.
The mid-range LT version also features such items as parking sensors and steering wheel mounted audio controls, while the LTZ gets larger 17-inch alloy wheels, auto dipping rear view mirror and electronic cruise control as examples.
Being based off Chevrolet's successful and award winning Cruze sedan, already proven to offer excellent ride and handling, Orlando drivers are assured of a safe, yet involving and rewarding drive. The Chevrolet Orlando's well proven set up utilizes McPherson struts for the front suspension and compound crank axle for the rear.
Emulating the successful Chevrolet Cruze, the Orlando's chassis has been tuned to provide the ideal compromise between ride comfort and agility. McPherson struts used for the front suspension use hydraulic bushings which are often found in more expensive vehicles, and provide increased ride isolation for passengers and controlled absorption of variable road surfaces.
The advanced compound crank (torsion beam) system at the rear is used as it offers the perfect compromise between suspension control combined with savings in weight and space. A torsion beam system can also be easily tuned to accommodate the different vehicle and engine weights.
Chevrolet Orlando's chassis and body structure have also been engineered with high reserves of safety as a key consideration. Sixteen-inch ventilated front disc brakes are fitted across the range, with sixteen-inch solid discs at the rear and with electronic ABS acting on all wheels. All chassis also benefit from electronic brake force distribution, a system which governs the amount of braking at each wheel to ensure the shortest stopping distances, traction control to keep in check unintended driver exuberance and for when road conditions are wet or slippery, electronic stability control and hydraulic brake assist.
Full production of the Chevrolet Orlando started in October at General Motor's South Korea manufacturing facilities and the car is scheduled to go on sale across Europe in early 2011.
Design
A cursory glance at the new Chevrolet Orlando will immediately tell you that this is an MPV which is looking to break the traditional family van mould, to make its own design statement and, arguably, set the pace for future design to follow.
The accepted imperatives of family vans in the past, whether it has been the requirement to carry seven passengers, large cargo loads or incorporate various seating arrangements, has more often than not resulted in one dimensional box-type designs. With the Orlando, Chevrolet set out to change all that and to bring something fresh and innovative to the market. However, in doing so, Chevrolet's design team wanted to make their first European MPV immediately recognizable as one of the new generation of Chevrolets, while also not compromising on its interior practicality and user friendliness.
"The inspiration for the Chevrolet Orlando came from seeing the more traditional designs of so many of the MPVs in Europe", says Taewan Kim, vice president of design, GMDAT. "Many of these are one-box designs which look very functional. Orlando is a two-box design, part MPV part SUV, which transcends existing categories and adopts a distinctive crossover silhouette.
"We think there is a large, untapped market in Europe for customers who need such a family vehicle but are looking for something different and more modern. I am confident Chevrolet could lead the way for this type of crossover design."
At the front of the vehicle, the design team has created a face for Orlando, which is bold and unmistakably new Chevrolet, with a dual-port grille split with the body color divide and a large Chevrolet bow-tie positioned proudly in the center. "Chevrolet Orlando's front fascia is a key feature and it evolves Chevrolet's global identity and gives the car showroom appeal," says Taewan Kim.
A sculptured hood with center crease line flows into the front fenders which themselves are sculptured with aggressively flared wheel arches, to emphasize Chevrolet's 'body-in, wheels-out' design philosophy. The Orlando features lower body cladding including a deep front splitter below the bumper section, which houses the front fog lamps; this adds to the vehicles durability but also enhances its SUV style. Taken as a whole, the Orlando has a confident and purposeful stance when viewed from the front and front three-quarter.
Chevrolet Orlando's headlamp with its piano black surrounding bezel and chrome parabola and the linear turn signal under the head-lamp, gives it a premium appearance.
Handsome in profile
The side profile is characterized by a gently rising shoulder line which starts at the top of the front wheel arch and runs the length of the vehicle into the rear light cluster. It combines with the sweeping roof-line which tapers towards the rear to provide Orlando's distinctive silhouette and contributes to its sporty stance on the road. Functional, uninterrupted side glass means maximum visibility for occupants in whichever row they are seated.
At the rear, the Orlando has a number of features that showcase Chevrolet's recent design, including the rear tail lamps which are evolutions from split function lamps. The center mounted fog lamp, which sits in the rear bumper section, is unique to Chevrolet Orlando.
When viewed square on from the rear, designers refer to the Orlando body as its 'maximum square motif' - in other words, designed to give an appearance of solidity and SUV robustness.
Inside the muscular wheel arches will sit either 16, 17 or 18-inch wheels, dependent on trim level and options chosen. The entry level wheel is a 16-inch steel wheel with an attractive six-spoke hub cap, easily mistaken for an alloy from all but the closest distance. All other variants are fitted with alloy wheels as standard of either 16 or 17-inch rim diameter and fitted with 215/60R (16 inch) or 225/50R profile tires. The top of the range LTZ model can be ordered with the optional 18-inch 5-spoke alloy, fitted with 235/45R Bridgestone Potenza tires.
One of the objectives for the final execution of Chevrolet Orlando was for driver and passengers to enjoy sedan levels of comfort, combined with crossover style and the versatility of an MPV. Consequently, the driver environment is sedan like in its look and feel, and features some of the design cues used on Cruze.
A number of characteristics are instantly recognizable when you climb inside, such as Chevrolet's 'waterfall' shaped center console and the dual-cockpit cabin which is emphasized by the double butterfly wing panel that runs door to door under the instrument cluster, through the center console and along the width of the front passenger cabin. This wraparound style, where the instrument panel flows into the door trims, is now an established component of Chevrolet's interior design language.
The dials are recessed and with overhead cowls they have a strong, sporty appearance while the IP integrated gearshift has been harmonized with the look of the center stack and console. The Orlando is the latest Chevrolet to use the V-shaped motif inside the steering wheel, which is on all but the base level trim models, features audio and infotainment controls.
One of the wow factors of the cabin is the ambient blue back-lighting to the centre console which comes with the higher trim versions, as Taewan Kim explains. "This style of lighting gives the cabin a high tech and sophisticated feel - something that was central to the design team's aims - but without losing any of the emotion associated with the exterior crossover design.
"We are also excited by some of the interior color combinations that will be available. We think they will appeal to Orlando's primary audiences, young families, will really like."
There are a number of differences in the colors and finishes used on parts of the interior to differentiate the trim level. Entry-level LS models are finished with a silver instrument panel mid-wing and door console, black audio and center console and flat woven cloth for the seats; move up to the LT and the cabin gets a gloss (or piano) black finish for the instrument panel wing, a leather covered steering wheel (with audio controls), and mesh type cloth for the seats; the top of the line LTZ models also feature a special silver door console and more piano black finish around the audio and HVAC controls, a larger infotainment screen and the option of leather upholstery.
Seven exterior colors are available from launch: Olympic White, Switchblade Silver, Carbon Flash (Black), Daydream Beige, Pewter Grey, Velvet Red and Smoky Grey.
Interior Flexibility
'Function with Attitude' is the new Chevrolet Orlando's descriptive catch phrase, and it's no coincidence that the word 'function' comes first. Without question the Orlando brings a fresh approach to the look of MPVs and a swagger to the segment with its extrovert exterior design. But it's much more than skin deep; Chevrolet is confident it has created a true family car for today where design has not compromised functionality and user friendliness, as demonstrated by its 7-seater practicality, interior flexibility and generous storage and load spaces.
Chevrolet Orlando drivers will appreciate the well thought out ergonomics. So while the Corvette-inspired dual cockpit has plenty of features which are pleasing to the eye - the ambient blue backlighting to the centre console for example - it has also been designed so that all the major controls and switches fall easily to hand, maximizing safety and driver convenience.
One of the key considerations for passenger comfort is the seating arrangement, which is unique in the compact MPV segment. The Orlando has the versatility associated with 7 seats and various configurations can be achieved to meet the occupants' needs. In fact the body structure of the Orlando has been designed to enable the fitting of 'theater-style' seating where rows two and three are progressively elevated, but without compromising occupant headroom or access in and out of the seats.
The middle section of Chevrolet Orlando's floorpan is fitted with a high strength sub frame to which the second seating bench is fitted and which elevates it by over 4cm (41mm) mm above the seating line of the driver and passenger. Moving back towards the rear, the floorpan itself rises at the C-pillar section (and between rows 2 and 3) before leveling to accommodate the third row and rear cargo space. A further reinforced sub-frame is fitted inside the floorpan to house the two-seater third bench, giving it an elevated position over the second row.
In addition to allowing better visibility all-round for passengers, the theater seating enables easier access, in particular for parents when fitting child seats and young children into the second row as it minimizes any awkward bending or reaching.
There may be frequent occasions when Orlando owners do not need all seven of its seats and a number of alternative seating configurations can be quickly and easily arranged.
Perhaps the most common will be to fold the third row to accommodate up to 5 passengers and increase the cargo volume area to 458 liters. By folding flat both the second and third rows the cargo area is increased so that it is one of the most voluminous in the compact MPV class at 856 liters. And from 2013, the front passenger seat will benefit from similar functionality so that it too can be folded to create a 'table' area for the driver. Even with the third row of seats in place, the Orlando maintains a useful 89 liters of available space.
Both the left and right hand outer seats of the second row have a tumble-fold facility - effectively folded twice so that the seat back and seat cushion as one unit butts up against the back of the driver's or passenger seats - for easy access into and out of the third row.
Once all the Chevrolet Orlando occupants are safely in their seats, they benefit from interior leg and head space which is highly competitive against other vehicles in the sector. Leg room for the front passenger and driver is generous at 1034mm while for second row passengers leg room of 917mm puts Orlando among the most spacious in class. Headroom at the front is 1020mm and for the second row, 983mm, while passengers in the third row will enjoy 945mm of headspace, one of the best in its class even with Orlando's sweeping exterior roofline.
An interior with lots in store
A hard working family car needs plenty of storage space for all the bits and pieces that collect inside. Like the original concept car, the final production version of the Orlando obliges with a range of compartments of different shapes, sizes and locations to cater for common family needs.
Chevrolet Orlando owners will be pleasantly surprised by a 'secret' compartment behind the front fascia of the audio and within easy reach of the both the driver and passenger. This ingenious feature, which has remained true to the original concept car, is revealed by easily flipping up the face of the audio. It is large enough for such items as an MP3 player, sunglasses and wallets.
Within the space itself there is also a standard auxiliary jack and optional USB port for MP3 or iPod connectivity, depending on the trim level.
Perhaps not every piece of storage can be quite as ingenious, but it's all equally useful. At the front to save the driver and front passenger from fishing around in pockets or door bins for loose change, there is a slotted coin box built into the foot of the center console. The console also features two large cup holders and a compartment between the seat belt buckles which features a retractable sliding cover.
Door bins in the front are large enough to take a water bottle and a number of maps while the rear doors also have integrated bottle holders. Orlando's spacious load area has additional compartments, one revealed by flipping a lid built into the floor of the load bay where it meets the rear bumper sill, and two further triangular compartments behind either wheel arch.
Finally, keeping an eye on what's going on in the second or third row of seats isn't easy if you're the driver or front passenger. But now, thanks to Orlando's rear conversation mirror, you really can have eyes in the back of your head. The special rear seat view mirror, which is fitted into the headlining and sits just above the normal rear view mirror, enables parents to keep check on proceedings behind without taking their eyes off the road.
Ride and handling
Using the highly acclaimed Chevrolet Cruze sedan as its base, the new Chevrolet Orlando has been given an excellent start in life when it comes to ride and handling. The Cruze was the first of several new Chevrolet models using the company's latest chassis developments, resulting in taut, responsive steering and body control but with a compliant ride, well suited to European tastes. Consequently, the car has real driver appeal.
Who says the drivers and occupants of a family MPV/van shouldn't enjoy the same dynamic benefits? Of course, the expectation of a new family car is also that of the highest safety standard; so with the Orlando, the requirement was to achieve the same dynamic qualities while sacrificing nothing in terms of active safety.
At the heart of the Orlando's accomplished handling is a body frame integral (BFI) structure that is among the stiffest in the compact van segment. A stiff body structure like that of the Chevrolet Orlando is the foundation for a sense of solidity and stability when on the road.
With the BFI structure, the upper body and chassis frame are engineered as a single component, enabling much greater torsional stiffness. An isolated engine cradle is used to mount the engine and this too contributes to the Orlando's refinement and insulation from noise and vibration into the cabin.
Orlando's footprint is broad with a wide track (1584mm front, 1588mm rear) which, in proportion to the wheelbase (2760mm), results in inherently stable and predictable handling on the road.
While the suspension set-up for Chevrolet Orlando is essentially conventional, it features some clever detailing to the enhance ride and handling. At the front, McPherson struts are used with side load compensation which reduces the sliding friction caused by bending loads under compression. Side load compensation also allows the front wheels to be moved further outwards, improving looks and stability.
The front struts use uniquely shaped suspension springs for better absorption of road shocks, while hydraulic ride bushings in the front control arms - a feature normally only found in higher end vehicles - results in further refinement and insulation from road irregularities.
The control arms themselves are manufactured from lightweight aluminum to further reduce weight and aid quicker, more agile handling.
For the rear suspension, an advanced compound crank (torsion beam) system has been designed with a double-walled, U-shaped profile. The system offers a good balance of suspension control, combined with significant savings in weight and space.
One of the major differences between Orlando's compound-crank arrangement and other torsion-beam designs is a patented 'magnetic-arc' welding process, used to attach the beam to the trailing links. This technology enables the thickness of the torsion beam to be varied and different attachment angles between the beam and the trailing links. These variables allow the adjustment of roll-rate and roll-steer characteristics according to different engines and vehicle weights. Intensive development of the beam's twisting characteristics has also led to an increased rear wheel steer effect, further improving the responsiveness of the chassis.
Orlando's space-saving layout of the rear axle contributes to a lower center of gravity. This improves handling and means the 64-liter fuel tank can be fitted nice and low between the wheels.
The rack-and-pinion steering is hydraulically power-assisted (electric power assistance for the 1.8-liter petrol) and has been tuned for responsiveness, with good on-center feel and driver feedback. The steering has been designed to be fast-acting, with less than three turns of the wheel required lock-to-lock; the turning circle is a relatively tight 11.3 meters.
The steering column can be adjusted for both reach and rake, with a rake angle of plus or minus 2.4 degrees.
Chevrolet Orlando's chassis and braking system have also been engineered with high reserves of safety as a key consideration. Disc brakes are fitted all round - 300mm ventilated discs at the front and solid 292mm discs at the rear, mated to single piston calipers.
The system is fitted with an asbestos free organic brake lining which improves the lining wear rate, reduces brake noise and enhances pedal feel for the driver. The rear hand brake (or parking brake) is cable driven.
Anti-lock braking (ABS) on the Orlando is a four wheel system that uses input from wheel speed sensors to regulate individual braking at each wheel to reduce stopping distances to a minimum, while maintaining stability and steering control under heavy braking. The Orlando's stopping power under emergency braking is further enhanced with hydraulic brake assist (HBA).
Front to rear braking effort, or distribution is controlled by an integral part of the ABS function, Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD); it uses independent rear control to improve stability and braking when cornering and ensures effective use of the rear brakes under heavy loads.
Traction Control System (TCS) is fitted as standard to keep in check unintended driver exuberance and for when road conditions are wet or slippery. It uses both brake and engine torque interventions to enhance grip during take-off and acceleration in all road conditions. The ABS electronic control unit detects impending wheel slip and signals the engine ECU to adjust engine torque output accordingly; the system senses when the wheels are spinning faster than the vehicle speed and momentarily applies either of the front brakes.
Electronic Stability Control (ESC), together with TCS, uses both the ABS and TCS functions to provide another level of active safety as part of the standard Chevrolet Orlando chassis. It provides more precise, controlled anti-lock braking performance to counter-act any misjudgments by the driver. ESC uses data from a yaw sensor, lateral accelerometer and steering angle sensor to help ensure the vehicle follows the direction of the front wheels. Individual brakes may be applied selectively to control any oversteer and understeer during any extreme maneuvers.
Three sizes of wheel are available, depending on the model and options chosen, ranging from 16 to 18-inch. Standard tire and rim sizes for the 16-inch wheel are 215/60R x 16 and for the 17-inch wheel, 225/50R X 17. A larger 18-inch wheel is available as an option on LTZ models with sizes at 235/45R x 18.
Safety
With young families a primary audience for the new Orlando, safety is sure to be high on the list of any prospective owner, a priority both for the driver and occupants. Safety manifests itself in a number of ways in a new vehicle: through individual passive and active features but also in the materials and processes used in the vehicle's construction.
Chevrolet has gone to considerable lengths to ensure that the new Orlando meets all the criteria to be one of the safest compact MPVs on the market.
Starting with Chevrolet Orlando's body shell, the body frame integral (BFI) structure whereby the upper body and chassis frame are engineered as a single component ensures high levels of stiffness. This torsional rigidity of the body-chassis interface will not just put a smile on any driver's face through great handling; the upper body shell of the Orlando is also exceptionally strong, with over 70% of the body frame constructed from high strength steel.
Chevrolet Orlando's passenger compartment is reinforced all round, including the A and B-pillars, the cross sections that support the roof and along the lower sill sections. Occupants in effect sit inside a safety cage constructed to minimize intrusion in the case of frontal, side or rear impact, while front and rear crumple zones are designed to absorb and dissipate energy to minimize impact to the passenger compartment.
High-strength steels and aluminum are used in all the key areas in the car's construction. With the frontal area of any vehicle particularly vulnerable, Orlando is fitted with a strong yet light aluminum crash-box for the front bumper cross-member which sits in front of the engine cradle, with high-strength steel used for longitudinal rails and the front sub-frame. Energy is absorbed by these sections and distributed evenly along load paths, including a dual load path on the vehicle's underbody, which channels energy away from the passenger compartment.
The cradle used to house the engine and which sits inside the front sub frame also has high energy absorption properties where structural foam helps dissipate impacts.
Special attention has also been paid to the side structure of the body so that the B-pillar section and where it joins the lower sill section and seat cross member on the floorpan is especially strong, and designed to distribute loads safely around the body frame.
At the rear of the vehicle, a further reinforced sub frame is used on the underbody which protects the fuel tank and its connections from penetration in the case of a rear impact. The fuel tank itself is capable of withstanding minor compressions without rupturing.
Comforting levels of cabin safety
Orlando's extensive list of standard equipment includes a comprehensive array of passive safety features inside the vehicle.
All cars are fitted with six airbags- twin front, side and curtain (or roof-rail) airbags. The side airbags are fitted to the outer sides of the driver and passenger seats and will provide protection coverage of the pelvis and thorax areas on a side impact.
The curtain airbag system is tethered above the A and C-pillars; it has a 28-liter capacity when fully inflated and if activated provides head protection for occupants in the first and second rows. A number of measures have also been taken with the front airbags to minimize airbag induced injury, including how they are packaged and folded and an optimal, single level inflation rate. The front passenger airbag can also be switched off for when a child-seat is being used.
The Chevrolet Orlando's front-row seatbelts are fitted with force limiters and pretensioners as well as height adjustment. The latter provides more comfort and ensures the belt is always fitted correctly across the body. All seven seats of the Orlando are fitted with head restraints to help prevent whiplash in the case of a rear shunt.
A Pedal Release System, or collapsible pedal assembly, is a further clever feature and protects the driver's feet and lower legs in a frontal impact by collapsing away from the driver's foot well.
ISOFX fitments are provided for child seats. Two steel anchors between the rear seat back and seat cushion, and a further top tether which is fitted to seat back means child seats can be installed very securely.
One of the biggest challenges often faced by emergency services when assisting at the scene of an incident is helping the occupants of a vehicle when the doors are locked. However, this is not a scenario that Orlando owners will be faced with; Orlando is fitted with crash sensor technology, which ensures the doors will unlock automatically on detection of an impact.
In addition to those features found inside the cabin, a raft of latest technologies is used in Chevrolet Orlando's 'active' safety systems - those that work under the skin as part of the vehicles chassis and contribute in a significant way to the vehicle's safety credentials.
Anti-lock braking (ABS), traction control (TCS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD), hydraulic brake assist (HBA) and electronic stability control (ESC) are standard on all cars in the range and work in tandem to give Orlando's chassis high reserves of safety. For full details on how the systems work see the chapter on Ride and Handling.
Engines
Chevrolet's latest powertrain offerings show the speed at which the company is developing and refining its engines. A number of new and significant engine developments are being introduced on both the 2011 model year Cruze and the Orlando.
At launch, Chevrolet Orlando customers will have a choice of three engines, one gasoline and two diesels. Each offers the latest in performance potential and fuel efficiency. All engines are transversely mounted 4-cylinder units with common features including double overhead camshafts, 16 valves and either multi-point fuel injection, or in the case of the diesels, common-rail technology.
All the engines are constructed with a cast-iron cylinder block and alloy head, where further weight savings have been achieved.
The single gasoline engine is a responsive, fuel-injected 1796cc unit which features variable valve timing for increased power output and torque over a wider engine speed range. Variable valve timing reduces emissions due to greater exhaust gas recirculation, and improves fuel consumption.
The 1.8 liter produces an impressive 141 hp at 6200rpm and strong pulling power with 176Nm of torque at 3800 rpm, 85% of which is available from 2000 rpm. Specific engine power per liter is 78.3. This normally aspirated 1.8 liter is also fuel efficient with consumption on a combined cycle at 7.3 liter/100km and emissions of 172g/km. It qualifies for Euro 5 emissions class.
Orlando's maximum speed with the gasoline engine is 185kph with a 0 to 100kph time of 11.6 seconds when coupled with the standard 5-speed manual transmission.
Pulling power
The diesels are expected to be a popular choice among Orlando owners, and these engines benefit from a number of technical enhancements which are introduced on Chevrolet's new entry. Both engines are of the same 1998cc displacement and share the same technology, but two power outputs are available.
The heart of each is a 16-valve, four-cylinder 2.0-liter engine with cast-iron block and aluminum head, which features a double overhead cam (DOHC). Chevrolet Orlando's advanced common rail injection system; peak firing pressure within the combustion chamber is 180 bar pressure resulting in improved fuel economy and lower emissions.
Chevrolet's refinements to the intake system include a 'variable swirl' intake manifold that improves performance characteristics for both versions of diesel engines.
In the case of the higher output version, peak power is 163 hp at 3800rpm while maximum torque is 360Nm at 2000rpm. For the standard output engine, both engine power and torque are 130 hp at 3800rpm and 315Nm at 2000rpm.
Mated to the standard 6-speed manual gearbox, performance figures for the Orlando with either version of the diesel engines are impressive. The 130 hp version has a top speed of 180kph and reaches 100kph from a standstill in 10.3 seconds. The 163 hp engine has a maximum speed of 195kph and reaches 100kph in 10.0 seconds.
In-gear times for the 163 hp engine are 12.2 seconds for acceleration between 40 and 100kph (4th gear) and 11.0 seconds for acceleration between 80 and 120kph (5th gear). Times for the 130 hp version are 12.7 seconds for in-gear acceleration from 40 to 100kph (4th gear) and 11.4 seconds between 80 and 120kph (5th gear).
Fuel economy and emissions figures are common to both engines at 6.0 liters/100km on a combined cycle with emissions of 159 g/km, making the engines Euro 5 compliant.
Joy of six
The 1.8-liter gasoline engine is fitted with a 5-speed manual transmission while both of the diesel engines have a six-speed box. However, the 163 hp high power version of the diesel is also available with Chevrolet's six-speed automatic transmission.
This auto transmission features sophisticated electronics and adaptive shifting control as well as widely spaced ratios with a short first gear to ensure efficient take-off from standstill and long top gear for maximum fuel economy on the open road.
The Orlando diesel auto demonstrates some great mid-range thrust, as the official performance figures confirm: the in-gear acceleration figures for 40 to 100ph are just 9.0 seconds while the time for 80 to 120kph is 8.4 seconds; 0 to 100kph is 11.0 seconds.
As is to be expected from an automatic transmission, fuel economy and emissions are marginally increased over the manual at 7.0 liters/100km and 186 g/km.
Chevrolet Orlando customers will have a choice of engine and trim combinations. So, for example, the 1.8 gasoline will be available with all trims; the 2.0 130 hp diesel will be available on LS and LT trims; the higher-powered 163 hp version, with either manual or automatic transmission, can be ordered with LT and LTZ trim options.
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